Concerns surrounding GM crops

The concept, let alone commercial reality, of genetically modified (GM) crops continues to be the cause of considerable concern to the public. Amongst the most frequently quoted concerns are the fears of gene escape to wild relatives leading to what has been termed gene pollution, the contamination of organically grown crops and the breakdown of disease/pest resistance in GM varieties. Other concerns relate to the safety of ingestion of GM ingredients by humans, for example the potential for developing allergenicity in a crop which was otherwise allergen free. GM ingredients containing antibiotic resistance genes have also met with public resistance due to fears associated with the potential for antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria developing via gene transfer in the gut of animals or even humans. Biotechnology companies and research organizations are responding to public pressure by developing GM varieties that no longer contain antibiotic resistance markers.

There is no doubt that the recent wave of public concern surrounding the safety and ethics of GM crops has overshadowed the significant potential benefits that GM technology has to offer for those involved in all parts of the food chain from primary producers/growers to the household consumer, as well as the potential environmental benefits associated with decreased spray applications. However, it is true that many GM crops may have impacts, including some very positive, upon agriculture and the environment while in some cases there may also be implications concerning food quality and safety. Ultimately there may also be ethical concerns for some sectors of society. Where there are benefits to be gained at a known or unknown risk, the question of risk assessment and subsequent risk management arises. If the potential of GM technology is to be realised, the quality, safety, benefits and ethical integrity of this new technology must be evaluated against the risks. Where the benefits are found to outweigh the risks the potential of transgenic technology needs to be realized by management under strict regulatory procedures and effective stewardship post-market release.