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Bioenergetics

An amalgamation of the term biological energetics, is the branch of biology and biochemistry that is concerned with how organisms extract energy from their environment and with how energy is used to fuel the myriad of life?s endergonic processes.

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Kingdom Plantae

Plants appeared on land about 425 million years ago and the evolutionary history of the plant kingdom reflects increasing adaptation to the terrestrial environment. Plants have organs and organ systems.

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Types of Tissues

A tissue is a group of similar cells (together with associated cell products) specialized for the performance of a common function.

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Prokaryotic DNA polymerases

Three different prokaryotic DNA polymerases are known, of which DNA polymerases I and II are meant for DNA repair and DNA polymerase IN is meant for actual DNA replication

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Distribution of Life on Earth

The biosphere as usually defined is the thin outer layer of the earth capable of supporting life. It is probably best viewed as a global system that includes all life on earth and the physical environments in which living organisms exist and interact.

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Cultures of Microorganisms

Microorganisms isolated from different sources (soil, water and air) or genetic manipulation are cultured on growth media.

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Atomic spectroscopy

Atoms of certain metals will absorb and emit radiation of specific wavelengths when heated in a flame, in direct proportion to the number of atoms present.

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Macronutrients - Nitrogen

Discovery of the essentiality of nitrogen is often credited to de Saussure (1-3), who in 1804 recognized that nitrogen was a vital constituent of plants, and that nitrogen was obtained mainly from the soil.

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Floriculture

The flower has acquired an unique position in our lives. Floriculture deals with growing or cultivation (large scale) of beautiful flowering plants.

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Animal Biotechnology

The most important areas of today's research which have potential economic value and prospects of commercialization are the cell and tissue culture based production of vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, pharmaceutical drugs, cancer research, genetic manipul

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The nature of horticulture

Horticulture may be described as the practice of growing plants in a relatively intensive manner. This contrasts with agriculture, which, in most Western European countries, relies on a high level of machinery use over an extensive area of land

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Agriculture Biotechnology

Biotechnology can be seen as an imprecise term since the harnessing of any biological process could justifiably be called biotechnology.

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Algae and Men

Microalgae and macroalgae have been utilized by man for hundreds of years as food, fodder, remedies, and fertilizers. Ancient records show that people collected macroalgae for food as long as 500 B.C. in China and one thousand of years later in Europe.

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Herbarium

In botany, a herbarium is a collection of preserved plant specimens. These specimens may be whole plants or plant parts: these will usually be in a dried form, mounted on a sheet, but depending upon the material may also be kept in alcohol or other preser

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Recombinant DNA Technology

Discoveries in molecular biology have allowed scientists to duplicate natural genetic transfer phenomena in the laboratory and to develop methods to introduce almost any type of genetic information into an organism.

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Insect Armor

Most insects? tough exoskeletons protect their bodies from predators and from drying out. however, some insects?including young insects, such as caterpillars - have soft bodies. they benefit by adding an extra layer of protective armor.

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