References

  1. H.W. Lakin. Selenium accumulation in soils and its absorption by plants and animals. Geological Soc. Am. Bull. 83:181, 1972.

  2. H.F. McNeal, L.S. Balistrieri. Geochemistry and occurrence of selenium: An overview. In: L.W. Jacobs, ed. Selenium in Agriculture and the Environment. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 1989, pp. 1-13.
  3. N. Terry, A.M. Zayed, M.P. deSouza, A.S. Tarun. Selenium in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 51:401-432, 2000.

  4. K. Mengel, E.A. Kirkby. Principles of Plant Nutrition. Bern, Switzerland: International Potash Institute, 1987, pp. 589-606.

  5. L.C. Clark, B. Dalkin, A. Krongrad, G.F. Combs, B.W. Trunbull, E.H. Slate, R. Witherington, J.H. Herlong, E. Janosko, D. Carpenter, C. Borosso, S. Falk, J. Rounder. Decreased incidence of prostate cancer with selenium supplementation: results of a double-blind cancer prevention trial. Br. J. Urol. 81:730-734, 1998.

  6. G. Lockitch. Selenium: clinical significance and analytical concepts. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 27:483-541, 1989.

  7. G.F. Combs Jr. Selenium. In: T.E. Moon, M.S. Micozzi, eds. Nutrition and Cancer Prevention: Investigating the Role of Micronutrients. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1989, pp. 389-419.

  8. G.F. Combs Jr., S.B. Combs. The Role of Selenium in Nutrition. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1986.

  9. D.C. Adriano. Trace Elements in the Terrestrial Environment. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986, pp. 390-420.

  10. R.L. Mikkelsen, A.L. Page, F.T. Bingham. Factors affecting selenium accumulation by agricultural crops. In: L.W. Jacobs, ed. Selenium in Agriculture and the Environment. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 1989, pp. 65-94.

  11. N. Terry, A.M. Zayed. Selenium volatilization by plants. In: W.T. Frankenberger Jr., S. Benson, eds. Selenium in the Environment. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1994, pp. 343-368.

  12. T.J. Ganje. Selenium. In: H.D. Chapman, ed. Diagnostic Criteria for Plants and Soils. Berkeley, CA: University of California Division of Agricultural Sciences Press, 1966, pp. 394-404.

  13. V.C. Morris, O.A. Lavander. Selenium content of foods. J. Nutr. 100:1383-1388, 1970.

  14. I. Rosenfeld, O.A. Beath. Selenium, Geobotany, Biochemistry, Toxicity, and Nutrition. New York: Academic Press, 1964.

  15. WHO Ernst. Selenpflanzen (Selenophyten). In: H. Kinzel, ed. Pflanzen�kologie und Mineralstoffwechsel. Stuttgart, Germany: Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 1982, pp. 511-519.

  16. G. Gissel-Nielsen, U.C. Gupta, M. Lamand, T. Westermarck. Selenium in soils and plants and its importance in livestock and human nutrition. Adv. Agron. 37:397-461, 1984.

  17. D.T. Clarkson, U. L�ttge. II. Mineral nutrition: inducible and repressible nutrient transport systems. Progr. Bot. 52:61-83, 1991.

  18. J.S. Ketter, G. Jarai,Y.H. Fu, G.A. Marzluf. Nucleotide sequence, messenger RNA stability, and DNA recognition elements of cys-14, the structural gene for sulfate permease II in Neurospora crassa. Biochemistry 30:1780-1787, 1991.

  19. J.E. Leggett, E. Epstein. Kinetics of sulfate absorption by barley roots. Plant Physiol. 31:222-226, 1956.

  20. T.C. Stadtman. Selenium biochemistry. Science 183:915-922, 1974.

  21. R.D. Bryant, E.J. Laishley. Evidence for two transporters of sulfur and selenium oxyanions in Clostridium pasteurianum. Can. J. Microbiol. 34:700-703, 1988.

  22. A.M. Zayed, C.M. Lytle, N. Terry. Accumulation and volatilization of different chemical species of selenium by plants. Planta 206:284-292, 1998.

  23. P. Barak, I.L. Goldman. Antagonistic relationship between selenate and sulfate uptake in onion (Allium cepa): implications for the production of organosulfur and organoselenium compounds in plants. J. Agr. Food Chem. 45:1290-1294, 1997.


  24. G. Ferrari, F. Renosto. Regulation of sulfate uptake by excised barley roots in the presence of selenate. Plant Physiol. 49:114-116, 1972.

  25. S.F. Trelease, H.M. Trelease. Selenium as a stimulation and possibly essential element for indicator plants. Am. J. Bot. 25:372-380, 1938.

  26. M.J. Hawkesford, J.-C. Davidian, C. Grignon. Sulfate/proton cotransport on plasma-membrane vesicles isolated from roots of Brassica napus L.: increased transport in membranes isolated from sulfurstarved plants. Planta 190:297-304, 1993.

  27. D.A. Kopsell,W.M. Randle. Selenate concentration affects selenium and sulfur uptake and accumulation by 'Granex 33' onions. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 122:721-726, 1997.

  28. M.A. Arthur, G. Rubin, P.B. Woodbury, R.E. Schneider, L.H. Weinstein. Uptake and accumulation of selenium by terrestrial plants growing on a cola fly ash landfill. Part 2. Forage and roots crops. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 11:1298-1299, 1992.

  29. J.L. Hopper, D.R. Parker. Plant availability of selenite and selenate as influenced by the competing ions phosphate and sulfate. Plant Soil 210:199-207, 1999.

  30. D.L. Carter, C.W. Robbins, M.J. Brown. Effect of phosphorous on the selenium concentration in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 36:624-628, 1972.

  31. T.A. Brown, A. Shrift. Selenium: toxicity and tolerance in higher plants. Biol. Rev. 57:59-84, 1982.

  32. G.S. Ba�uelos, D.W. Meek. Selenium accumulation in selected vegetables. J. Plant Nutr. 12:1255-1272, 1989.

  33. M.P. Arvy. Selenate and selenite uptake and translocation in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). J. Exp. Bot. 44:1083-1087, 1993.

  34. M.P. de Souza, E.A.H. Pilon-Smits, C.M. Lytle, S. Hwang, J. Tai, T.S.U. Honma, L. Yeh, N. Terry. Rate-limiting steps in selenium assimilation and volatilization by Indian mustard. Plant Physiol. 117:1487-1494, 1998.

  35. A. Kabata-Pendias, H. Pendias. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1992.

  36. A. Mukherjee, A. Sharma. Effects of cadmium and selenium on cell division and chromosomal aberrations in Allium sativum L. Water Air Soil Pollut. 37:433-438, 1988.

  37. M.M. Abrams, C. Shennan, J. Zasoski, R.G. Burau. Selenomethionine uptake by wheat seedlings. Agron. J. 82:1127-1130, 1990.

  38. M.C. Williams, H.F. Mayland. Selenium absorption by two grooved milkvetch and western wheatgrass from selenomethionine, selenocysteine, and selenite. J. Range Manage. 45:374-378, 1992.

  39. G.S. Ba�uelos, R. Mead, S. Akohoue. Adding selenium-enriched plant tissue to soil causes the accumulation of selenium in alfalfa. J. Plant Nutr. 14:701-713, 1991.

  40. A. L�uchli. Selenium in plants: uptake, functions, and environmental toxicity. Bot. Acta 106:455-468, 1993.

  41. A. Shrift. Aspects of selenium metabolism in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 20:475, 1969.

  42. G.S. Ba�uelos, H.A. Ajwa, B. Mackey, L. Wu, C. Cook, S. Akohoue, S. Zambruzuski. Evaluation of different plant species used for phytoremediation of high soil selenium. J. Environ. Qual. 26:639-646, 1997.

  43. D.A. Kopsell,W.M. Randle. Short-day onion cultivars differ in bulb selenium and sulfur accumulation which can affect bulb pungency. Euphytica 96:385-390, 1997.

  44. T.A. Brown, A. Shrift. Exclusion of selenium from proteins of selenium-tolerant Astragalus species. Plant Physiol. 67:1051-1053, 1981.

  45. J.E. Lancaster, M.J. Boland. Flavor biochemistry. In: H.D. Rabinowitch, J.L. Brewster, eds. Onions and Allied Crops, Vol. 3. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1990, pp. 33-72.

  46. T. Leustek. Molecular genetics of sulfate assimilation in plants. Plant Physiol. 97:411- 419, 1996.

  47. G. Gissel-Nielsen. Uptake and translocation of selenium-75 in Zea mays L. In: Proceedings of Symposium on Isotopes and radiation in Soil-Plant Relationships Including Forestry. December 13-17, 1971, Vienna, Austria. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1972, pp. 427-436.

  48. A. Setya, M. Murillo, T. Leustek. Sulfate reduction in higher plants: Molecular evidence for a novel 5'-adenylsulfate reductase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:13383-13388, 1996.

  49. E.A.H. Pilon-Smits, S. Hwang, C.M. Lytle,Y. Zhu, J.C. Tai, R.C. Bravo,Y. Chen, T. Leustek, N. Terry. Overexpression of ATP sulfurylase in Indian mustard leads to increased selenate uptake, reduction, and tolerance. Plant Physiol. 119:123-132, 1998.

  50. B.H. Ng, J.W. Anderson. Synthesis of selenocysteine by cysteine synthases from selenium accumulator and non-accumulator plants. Phytochemistry 17:2069-2074, 1978.

  51. H.E. Ganther, O.A. Levander, C.A. Saumann. Dietary control of selenium volatilization in the rat. J. Nutr. 88:55-60, 1966.

  52. N. Terry, C. Carlson, T.K. Raab, A.M. Zayed. Rates of selenium volatilization among crop species. J. Environ. Qual. 21:341-344, 1992.

  53. A.M. Zayed, N. Terry, Selenium volatilization in roots and shoots: effects of shoot removal and sulfate level. J. Plant Physiol. 143:8-14, 1994.

  54. A.M. Zayed, N. Terry. Selenium volatilization in broccoli as influenced by sulfate supply. J. Plant Physiol. 140:646-652, 1992.

  55. G.S. Ba�uelos, D. Dyer, R. Ahmad, S. Ismail, R.N. Raut, J.C. Dagar. In search of Brassica germplasm in saline semi-arid and arid regions of India and Pakistan for reclamation of selenium-laden soils in the U.S. J. Soil Water Conserv. 48:530-534, 1993.

  56. T.S. Presser, M.A. Sylvester, W.H. Law. Bioaccumulation of Se in the west. Environ. Manage. 18:423-436, 1994.

  57. R. Fujii, S.J. Deverel. Mobility and distribution of selenium and salinity in groundwater and soil of drained agricultural fields, western San Joaquin Valley of California. In: L.W. Jacobs, ed. Selenium in Agriculture and the Environment. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 1989, pp. 195-212.

  58. S.J. Deverel, J.L. Fio, N.M. Dubrovsky. Distribution and mobility of selenium in groundwater in the western San Joaquin Valley of California. In: W.T. Frankenberger Jr., S. Benson, eds. Selenium in the Environment. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1994, pp. 157-184.

  59. A.F. White, N.M. Dubrovsky. Chemical oxidation-reduction controls on selenium mobility in groundwater systems. In: W.T. Frankenberger Jr., S. Benson, eds. Selenium in the Environment. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1994, pp. 185-222.

  60. G.S. Ba�uelos, D.W. Meek. Accumulation of selenium in plants grown on selenium treated soils. J. Environ. Qual. 19:772-777, 1990.

  61. D.R. Clark Jr. Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater. Sci. Total Environ. 66:147-168, 1987.

  62. G.S. Ba�uelos, H.A. Ajwa, L. Wu, X. Guo, S. Akohoue, S. Zambrzuski. Selenium-induced growth reduction in Brassica land races considered for phytoremediation. Ecotoxic Environ. Safety 36:282-287, 1997.

  63. G.S. Ba�uelos, G. Cardon, B. Mackey, J. Ben-Asher, L. Wu, P. Beuselinck, S. Akohoue, S. Zambrzuski. Boron and selenium removal in boron-laden soils by four sprinkler-irrigated plant species. J. Environ. Qual. 22:786-792, 1993.

  64. D.R. Parker, A.L. Page, D.N. Thomason. Salinity and boron tolerances of candidate plants for the removal of selenium from soils. J. Environ. Qual. 20:157-164, 1991.

  65. L. Wu. Selenium accumulation and colonization of plants in soils with elevated selenium and salinity. In: W.T. Frankenberger Jr., S. Benson, eds. Selenium in the Environment. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1994, pp. 279-326.


  66. B. Neuhierl, A. B�ck. On the mechanism of selenium tolerance in selenium-accumulating plants, Purification and characterization of a specific selenocysteine methyltransferase from cultured cells of Astragalus bisculatus. Eur. J. Biochem. 239:235-238, 1996.

  67. M.M. Abrams, R.G. Burau, R.J. Zasoski. Organic selenium distribution in selected California soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54:979-982, 1990.

  68. M.A. Elrashidi, D.C. Adriano,W.L. Lindsay. Solubility, speciation, and transformation of selenium in soils. In: L.W. Jacobs, ed. Selenium in Agriculture and the Environment. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 1989, pp. 51-64.

  69. H.T. Shacklette, J.G. Boerngen. Elemental concentrations in soils and other surface materials of the conterminous United States. Geological Surv. Prof. Pap. 1270, 1984.

  70. O.A. Levander, M.A. Beck. The role of selenium as an essential nutrient in humans and its role as a determinant of viral virulence. In: J. Mass, ed. Selenium in the Environment: Essential Nutrient or Potential Toxicant. Oakland, CA: University of California Agricultural Natural Resources Cooperative Extension, 1995, pp. 7-10.

  71. D.Y. Boon. Potential selenium problems in Great Plains soils. In: L.W. Jacobs, ed. Selenium in Agriculture and the Environment. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 1989, pp. 107-122.

  72. C.W. Robbins, D.L. Carter. Selenium concentrations in phosphorus fertilizer materials and associated uptake by plants. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 34:506-509, 1970.

  73. J.J. Dynes, P.M. Huang. Influence of organic acids on selenite sorption by poorly ordered aluminum hydroxides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 61:772-783, 1997.

  74. G.S. Ba�uelos, A. Zayed, N. Terry, L. Wu, A. Akohoue, S. Zambrzuski. Accumulation of selenium by different plant species grown under increasing sodium and calcium chloride salinity. Plant Soil 183:49-59, 1996.

  75. R.H. Neal, G. Sposito, K.M. Holtzclaw, S.J. Traina. Selenite adsorption on alluvial soil. I. Soil compostion and pH effects. J. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 51:1161-1165, 1987.

  76. S.H. van Dorst, P.J. Peterson. Selenium speciation in the soil solution and its relevance to plant uptake. J. Sci. Food Agric. 35:601-605, 1984.

  77. B.R. Whelan, N.J. Barrow. Slow-release selenium fertilizers to correct selenium deficiency in grazing sheep in western Australia. Fert. Res. 38:183-188, 1994.

  78. B.R. Singh. Effects of selenium-enriched calcium nitrate, top-dressed at different growth stages, on the selenium concentration in wheat. Fert. Res. 38:199-203, 1994.

  79. L.F. James, K.E. Panter, H.F. Mayland, M.R. Miller, D.C. Baker. Selenium poisoning in livestock: A review and progress. In: L.W. Jacobs, ed. Selenium in Agriculture and the Environment. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 1989, pp. 123-132.

  80. K. Schwarz, C.M. Foltz. Selenium as an integral part of factor 3 against dietary necrotic liver degeneration. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70:3292-3293, 1957.

  81. U.C. Gupta, S.C. Gupta. Selenium in soils and crops, its deficiencies in livestock and humans: implications for management. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 31:1791-1807, 2000.

  82. H.E. Ganther, J.R. Lawrence. Chemical transformations of selenium in living organisms. Improved forms of selenium and cancer prevention. Tetrahedron 53:12299-12310, 1997.

  83. L.A. Daniels. Selenium metabolism and bioavailability. Biol. Trace Element Res. 54:185-199, 1996.

  84. H. Ge, X. Cai, J.F. Tyson, P.C. Uden, E.R. Denoyer, E. Block. Identification of selenium species in selenium-enriched garlic, onion, and broccoli using high-performance ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection. Anal. Commun. 33:279-281, 1996.

  85. E. Block, X.J. Cai, P.C. Uden, X. Zhang, B.D. Quimby, J.J. Sullivan. Allium chemistry: natural abundance of organoselenium compounds from garlic, onion, and related plants and in human garlic breath. Pure Appl. Chem. 68:937-944, 1996.

  86. O.E. Olson, E.J. Novacek, E.I. Whitehead, I.S. Palmer. Investigations on selenium in wheat. Phytochemistry 9:1181-1188, 1970.

  87. C.D. Thomson. Selenium speciation in human body fluids. Analyst 123:827-831, 1998.

  88. L. Aronow, F. Kerdel-Vegas. Selenocystathionine, a pharmacologically active factor in the seeds of Lecythis ollaria. Nature 205:1185-1186, 1965.

  89. A. Shrift. Metabolism of selenium by plants and microorganisms. In: D.L. Klayman,W.H.H. G�nther, eds. Organic Selenium Compounds: Their Chemistry and Biology. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1973, pp. 763-814.

  90. H.E. Ganther. Pathways of selenium metabolism including respiratory excretory products. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 5:1-5, 1986.

  91. D.A. Martens, D.L. Suarez. Selenium in water management wetlands in the semi-arid west. HortScience 34:34-39, 1999.

  92. C. Ip, D.J. Lisk. Characterization of tissue selenium profiles and anticarcinogenic responses in rats fed natural sources of selenium-enriched products. Carcinogenesis 15:573-576, 1994a.

  93. P.D. Whanger, J.A. Butler. Effects of various dietary levels of selenium as selenite or selenomethionine on tissue selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in rats. J. Nutr. 118:846-852, 1988.

  94. C. Wang, R.T. Lovell. Organic selenium sources, selenomethionine and selenoyeast, have higher bioavailability than an inorganic selenium source, sodium selenite, in diets for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture 152:223-234, 1997.

  95. G.N. Schrauzer, J. Sacher. Selenium in the maintenance and therapy of HIV-infected patients. Chem. Biol. Interactions 91:199-205, 1994.

  96. P.A. Vandenbrandt, R.A. Goldbohlm, P. Vantveer, P. Bode, E. Dorant, R.J.J. Hermun, F. Sturmans. A prospective cohort study on selenium status and the risk of lung cancer. Cancer Res. 53:4860-4865, 1993.

  97. O.A. Levander. Selenium: Biochemical actions, interactions, and some human health implications. In: A.S. Prasad, ed. Clinical Biochemical, and Nutritional Aspects of Trace Elements. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1982, pp. 345-368.

  98. C.K. Chow. Nutritional influences on cellular antioxidant defense systems. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32:1066-1081, 1979.

  99. T. Lawson, D.F. Birt. Enhancement of the repair of carcinogen-induced DNA damage in the hamster pancreas by dietary selenium. Chem. Biol. Interaction 45:95-104, 1983.

  100. T. Chen, M.P. Goelchius, G.F. Combs, T.C. Campbell. Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on covalent binding of aflatoxin to chick liver cell macromolecules. J. Nutr. 112:350-355, 1982.

  101. M.P. Rosin. Effects of sodium selenite on the frequency of spontaneous mutation of yeast mutator strains. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 22:55, 1981.

  102. L.C. Clark, K.P. Cantor, W.H. Allaway. Selenium in forage crops and cancer mortality in U.S. counties. Arch. Environ. Health 46:37-42, 1991.

  103. C. Reilly. Selenium: a new entrant into the functional food arena. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 9: 114-118, 1998.

  104. K. Ge, G. Yang. The epidemiology of selenium deficiency in the etiology of endemic diseases in China. Am. J. Clinical Nutr. Suppl. 57:259S-263S, 1993.

  105. M.K. Baum, G. Shor-Posner, S. Lai, G. Zhang, H. Lai, M. Fletcher, H. Sauberlich, J.B. Page. High risk of HIV-related mortality is associated with selenium deficiency. J. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes Human Retrovirol. 15:370-374, 1997.

  106. G.F. Combs Jr.,W.P. Gray. Chemopreventative agents: selenium. Pharmacol. Therapeut. 79:179-192, 1998.

  107. R.C. McKenzie, T.S. Rafferty, G.J. Beckett. Selenium: an essential element for immune function. Immunol. Today 19:342-345, 1998.

  108. National Research Council. Selenium in Nutrition, revised ed. Washington, DC: National Academic Press, 1983.


  109. Department of Health. Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients in the United Kingdom. London: Her Majesties Stationery Office, 1991.

  110. L.H. Foster, S. Sumar. Selenium in health and disease: a review. Critical Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 37:211-228, 1997.

  111. G.F. Combs Jr. Selenium and cancer. In: H. Garewal, ed. Antioxidants and Disease Prevention. New York: CRC Press, 1997, pp. 97-113.

  112. L.C. Clark, G.F. Combs Jr., L. Hixon, D.R. Deal, J. Moore, J.S. Rice, M. Dellasega, A. Rogers, J. Woodard, B. Schurman, D. Curtis, B.W. Turnbull. Low plasma selenium predicts the prevalence of colorectal adenomatous polyps in a cancer prevention trial. FASEB J. 7:A65, 1993.

  113. C. Ip, D.J. Lisk, G.S. Stoewsand. Mammary cancer prevention by regular garlic and selenium-enriched garlic. Nutr. Cancer 17:279-286, 1992.

  114. D.A. Kopsell,W.M. Randle. Genetic variances and selection potential for selenium accumulation in a rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea population. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 126:329-335, 2001.

  115. J.M. Quintana, H.C. Harrison, J. Nienhuis, J.P. Palta, M.A. Grusak. Variation in calcium concentration among sixty S1 families and four cultivars of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 121:789-793, 1996.

  116. E.C. Tigchelaar. Tomato breeding. In: M. Basset, ed. Breeding Vegetable Crops. Westport, CT: AVI Publishing, 1986, pp. 135-171.

  117. M. Wang, I.L. Goldman. Phenotypic variation in free folic acid content among F1 hybrids and openpollinated cultivars of red beet. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 121:1040-1042, 1996.

  118. R. Graham, D. Senadhira, S. Beebe, C. Iglesias, I. Monasterio. Breeding for micronutrient density in edible portions of staple food crops: conventional approaches. Field Crops Res. 60:57-80, 1999.

  119. H.E. Bouis. Enrichment of food staples though plant breeding: a new strategy for fighting micronutrient malnutrition. Nutr. Rev. 54:131-137, 1996.

  120. M.T. Ruel, H.E. Bouis. Plant breeding: a long-term strategy for the control of zinc deficiency in vulnerable populations. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 68:488S-494S, 1998.

  121. M. Eurola, P. Ekholm, M. Ylinen, P. Koivistoinen, P. Varo. Effects of selenium fertilization on the selenium content of selected Finnish fruits and vegetables. Acta Agric. Scand. 39:345-350, 1989.

  122. S.D. McQuinn, D.A. Sleper, H.F. Mayland, G.F. Krause. Genetic variation for selenium content in tall fescue. Crop Sci. 31:617-620, 1991.

  123. D.M. Nelson, C.D. Johnson. Selenium in seeds of Astragalus (Leguminosae) and its effects on host preferences of Bruchid beetles. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 56:267-272, 1983.

  124. D.A. Kopsell, D.E. Kopsell,W.M. Randle. Seed germination response of rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea grown under increasing sodium selenate. J. Plant Nutr. 26:1355-1366, 2003.

  125. K.X. Huang, J. Clausen. Uptake, distribution, and turnover rates of selenium in barley. Biol. Trace Element Res. 40:213-223, 1994.

  126. U.C. Gupta, J.A. MacLeod. Relationship between soybean seed selenium and harvested grain selenium. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79:221-223, 1999.

  127. A.T. Perkins, H.H. King. Selenium and Tenmarq wheat. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 30:664-667, 1938.

  128. M. Hu, J.E. Spallholz. Toxicological evaluations of selenium compounds assessed by alfalfa seed germination. Proc. Third Intl. Symp. Selenium Biol. Med. 1:530-533, 1987.

  129. N.E. Spencer, S.M. Siegel. Effects of sulfur and selenium oxyanions on Hg-toxicity in turnip seed germination. Water Air Soil Pollut. 9:423-427, 1978.

  130. Z. Wang,Y. Xu, A. Peng. Influences of fulvic acid on bioavailability and toxicity of selenate for wheat seedling growth. Biol. Trace Element Res. 55:147-162, 1996.

  131. K. Lalitha, K. Easwari. Kinetic analysis of 75selenium uptake by mitochondria of germinating Vigna radiata of different selenium status. Biol. Trace Element Res. 48:67-89, 1995.

  132. M. Shreekala, K. Lalitha. Selenium-mediated differential response of �-glucosidase and �-galactosidase of germinating Trigonella foenum-graecum. Biol. Trace Element Res. 64:247-258. 1998.

  133. R.L. Mikkelsen, G.H. Haghnia, A.L. Page. Effects of pH and selenium oxidation state on the selenium accumulation and yield of alfalfa. J. Plant Nutr. 10:937-950, 1987.

  134. R.L. Mikkelsen, G.H. Haghnia, A.L. Page, F.T. Bingham. The influence of selenium, salinity, and boron on alfalfa tissue composition and yield. J. Environ. Qual. 17:85-88, 1988.

  135. A.K. Furr, T.F. Parkinson,W.H. Gutenmann, I.S. Pakkala, D.J. Lisk. Elemental content of vegetables, grains, and forages field-grown on fly ash amended soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 26:357-359, 1978.

  136. T.C. Broyer, C.M. Johnson, R.P. Huston. Selenium and nutrition of astragalus. I. Effects of selenite or selenate supply on growth and selenium content. Plant Soil 36:635-649, 1972.

  137. U.C. Gupta, K.A. Winter. Long-term residual effects of applied selenium on the selenium uptake by plants. J. Plant Nutr. 3:493-502, 1981.

  138. J.A. MacLeod, U.C. Gupta, P. Milburn, J.B. Sanderson. Selenium concentration in plant material, drainage and surface water as influenced by Se applied to barley foliage in barley-red clover-potato rotation. Can. J. Soil Sci. 78:685-688, 1998.

  139. A.K. Furr,W.C. Kelly, C.A. Bache,W.H. Gutenmann, D.J. Lisk. Multielemental uptake by vegetables and millet grown in pots on fly ash amended. J. Agric. Food Chem. 26:885-888, 1976.

  140. D.A. Kopsell, W.M. Randle. Selenium accumulation in rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea population responds to increasing sodium selenate concentrations. J. Plant Nutr. 22:927-937, 1999.

  141. A. Bibak, S. St�rup, L. Knudsen, V. Gundersen. Concentrations of 63 elements in cabbage and sprouts in Denmark. Commum. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 30:2409-2418, 1999.

  142. H.A. Ajwa, G.S. Ba�uelos, H.F. Mayland. Selenium uptake by plants from soils amended with inorganic and organic materials. J. Environ. Qual. 27:1218-1227, 1998.

  143. G. Lee, K. Park. Quality improvement of 'Seoul' celery by selenium in nutrient solution culture. Acta Hortic. 483:185-192, 1999.

  144. P.L. Wanek, G.F. Vance, P.D. Stahl. Selenium uptake by plants: Effects of soil steaming, root addition, and selenium augmentation. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 30:265-278, 1999.

  145. V. Licina, M. Jakovljevic, S. Antic-Mladenovic. An effect of specific selenium nutrition of grapevine. Acta Hortic. 526:225-228, 2000.

  146. H. Pinochet, I. DeGregori, M.G. Lobos, E. Fuentes. Selenium and copper in vegetables and fruits grown on long-term impacted soils from Valparaiso Region, Chile. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 63:327-334, 1999.

  147. H. Hartikainen, T. Xue. The promotive effect of selenium on plant growth as triggered by ultraviolet irradiation. J. Environ. Qual. 28:1372-1375, 1999.

  148. D.A. Kopsell, W.M. Randle. Selenium affects the S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxides among short-day onion cultivars. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 124:307-311, 1999b.

  149. W.H. Gutenmann, G.J. Doss, D.J. Lisk. Selenium in onions grown in media amended with coal fly ashes collected with differing efficiencies. Chemosphere 37:398-390, 1998.

  150. L. Wu, A. Enberg, K.K. Tanji. Natural establishment and selenium accumulation of herbaceous plant species in soils with elevated concentrations of selenium and salinity under irrigation and tillage practices. Ecotoxic Environ. Safety 25:127-140, 1993.

  151. V. Licina, M. Jakovljevic, S. Antic-Mladenovic, C. Oparnica. The content of selenium in raspberry plant and its improvement by Se-fertilization. Acta Hortic. 477:167-172, 1998.

  152. K.S. Dhillon, S.K. Dhillon. Selenium accumulation by sequentially grown wheat and rice as influenced by gypsum application in a seleniferous soil. Plant Soil 227:243-248, 2000.

  153. R.L. Mikkelsen, D.S. Mikkelsen, A. Abshahi. Effects of soil flooding on selenium transformations and accumulation by rice. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53:122-127, 1989.