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Protiens are polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds (proteins are therefore also known as polypeptides). The number and order of the amino acids contained in a particular protein are prescribed by the DNA sequence of that protein?s gene.
Discovery of the essentiality of nitrogen is often credited to de Saussure (1-3), who in 1804 recognized that nitrogen was a vital constituent of plants, and that nitrogen was obtained mainly from the soil.
Germplasm theory of Weismann was a very significant advancement in our understanding of heredity, since this was for the first time that a distinction between hereditary and environmental variations could be made on a sound basis.
The area of developmental genetics has also received major attention of geneticists in recent years to answer questions like the following. What are the relative roles of nucleus and cytoplasm in differentiation?
A tissue is a group of similar cells (together with associated cell products) specialized for the performance of a common function.
Microalgae and macroalgae have been utilized by man for hundreds of years as food, fodder, remedies, and fertilizers. Ancient records show that people collected macroalgae for food as long as 500 B.C. in China and one thousand of years later in Europe.
Ameboid movement is a form of movement especially characteristic of amebas and other unicellular forms; it is also found in many wandering cells of metazoans, such as white blood cells, embryonic mesenchyme, and numerous other mobile cells that move throu
The biosphere as usually defined is the thin outer layer of the earth capable of supporting life. It is probably best viewed as a global system that includes all life on earth and the physical environments in which living organisms exist and interact.
Microorganisms isolated from different sources (soil, water and air) or genetic manipulation are cultured on growth media.
Among all living organisms, flowers, which are the reproductive structures of angiosperms, are the most varied physically and show the greatest diversity in methods of reproduction of all biological systems.
A tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance.
Coenzymes are small organic molecules that function with thousands of different enzymes in all organisms, assisting in the catalytic processes needed for life. They often contain vitamins as components.
Mutations are heritable changes in the genetic material that give rise to alternative forms of any gene. These alternate forms are called alleles. There are two broad types of mutations, those that affect the gene and those that affect whole chromosomes (
Horticulture may be described as the practice of growing plants in a relatively intensive manner. This contrasts with agriculture, which, in most Western European countries, relies on a high level of machinery use over an extensive area of land
Plants appeared on land about 425 million years ago and the evolutionary history of the plant kingdom reflects increasing adaptation to the terrestrial environment. Plants have organs and organ systems.
Most insects? tough exoskeletons protect their bodies from predators and from drying out. however, some insects?including young insects, such as caterpillars - have soft bodies. they benefit by adding an extra layer of protective armor.
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