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General Zoology / Activity of Life
Activity of Life
- Support, Protection and Movement
- Integument among Various Groups of Animals
- Invertebrate Integument
- Vertebrate Integument and Derivatives
- Skeletal Systems
- Hydrostatic Skeletons
- Rigid Skeletons
- Microscopic Structure of Bone
- Animal Movement
- Ameboid Movement
- Ciliary and Flagellar Movement
- Muscular Movement
- Muscle Performance
- References
- Homeostasis
- Water and Osmotic Regulation
- How Marine Invertebrates Meet Problems of Salt and Water Balance
- Invasion of Fresh Water
- Return of Fishes to the Sea
- How Terrestrial Animals Maintain Salt and Water Balance
- Invertebrate Excretory Structures
- Contractile Vacuole
- Nephridium
- Vertebrate Kidney
- Ancestry and Embryology
- Vertebrate Kidney Function
- Tubular Reabsorption
- Tubular Secretion
- Water Excretion
- Temperature Regulation
- Ectothermy and Endothermy
- How Ectotherms Achieve Temperature Independence
- Temperature Regulation in Endotherms
- Adaptive Hypothermia in Birds and Mammals
- References
- Internal Fluids and Respiration
- Internal Fluid Environment
- Composition of the Body Fluids
- Composition of Blood
- Hemostasis: Prevention of Blood Loss
- Circulation
- Open and Closed Circulations
- Plan of Vertebrate Circulatory Systems
- Arteries
- Capillaries
- Veins
- Lymphatic System
- Respiration
- Problems of Aquatic and Aerial Breathing
- Respiratory Organs
- Gas Exchange Through Tubes: Tracheal Systems
- Lungs
- Structure and Function of the Mammalian Respiratory System
- References
- Digestion and Nutrition
- Feeding Mechanisms
- Feeding on Particulate Matter
- Feeding on Food Masses
- Feeding on Fluids
- Digestion
- Action of Digestive Enzymes
- Motility in the Alimentary Canal
- Organization and Regional Function of the Alimentary Canal
- Receiving Region
- Conduction and Storage Region
- Region of Grinding and Early Digestion
- Region of Terminal Digestion and Absorption: The Intestine
- Region of Water Absorption and Concentration of Solids
- Regulation of Food Intake
- Regulation of Digestion
- Nutritional Requirements
- References
- Nervous Coordination
- Neurons: Functional Units of Nervous Systems
- Nature of a Nerve Impulse
- Synapses: Junctions Between Nerves
- Evolution of Nervous Systems
- Invertebrates: Development of Centralized Nervous Systems
- Vertebrates: Fruition of Encephalization
- The Spinal Cord
- Reflex Arc
- Brain (Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain)
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Sense Organs
- Classification of Receptors
- Chemoreception
- Mechanoreception
- Touch
- Pain
- Lateral Line System of Fish and Amphibians
- Equilibrium
- Photoreception: Vision
- Chemistry of Vision
- Color vision
- References
- Chemical Coordination
- Mechanisms of Hormone Action
- Membrane-Bound Receptors and the Second Messenger Concept
- Nuclear Receptors
- Invertebrate Hormones
- Vertebrate Endocrine Glands and Hormones
- Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
- Hypothalamus and Neurosecretion
- Anterior Pituitary
- Posterior Pituitary
- Pineal Gland
- Brain Neuropeptides
- Prostaglandins and Cytokines
- Hormones of Metabolism
- Thyroid Hormones
- Hormonal Regulation of Calcium Metabolism
- Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
- Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla
- Insulin and Glucagon from Islet Cells of the Pancreas
- Growth Hormone and Metabolism
- The Newest Hormone - Leptin
- References
- Immunity
- Susceptibility and Resistance
- Innate Defense Mechanisms
- Physical and Chemical Barriers
- Cellular Defenses: Phagocytosis
- Acquired Immune Response in Vertebrates
- Basis of Self and Nonself Recognition
- Recognition Molecules
- Cytokines
- Inflammation
- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- Blood Group Antigens ABO Blood Types
- Blood Group Antigens
- Rh Factor
- Immunity in Invertebrates
- References
- Animal Behavior
- The Science of Animal Behavior
- Describing Behavior: Principles of Classical Ethology
- Control of Behavior
- The Genetics of Behavior
- Learning and the Diversity of Behavior
- Social Behavior
- Advantages of Sociality
- Aggression and Dominance
- Territoriality
- Mating Systems
- Altruistic Behavior and Kin Selection
- Animal Communication
- References
