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General Biotechnology / Plant Biotechnology
- In Vitro Culture Techniques : The Biotechnological Principles
- Totipotency
- Historical background
- Requirements for cell and Tissue Cultures
- A tissues culture laboratory
- Nutrient media
- Inorganic chemicals
- Growth hormones
- Organic constitutents
- Vitamins
- Amino acids
- Culture of plant materials
- Explant culture
- Callus formation and its culture
- Organogenesis
- Root culture
- Shoot culture and micropropagation
- Cell culture
- Benefits from cell culture
- Somatic embryogenesis
- Somaclonal variation
- Protoplast culture
- Isolation
- Regeneration
- Protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization
- Fusion products
- Method of somatic hybridization
- Anther and pollen Culture
- Culturing techniques
- In vitro androgenesis (direct and indirect androgenesis)
- Mentor pollen technology
- Embryo culture
- Embryo rescue
- Protoplast fusion in fungi
- Biotechnological Applications of Plant Cell, Tissues and Organ Cultures
- Applications in agricultures
- Improvement of hybrids
- Production of encapsulated seeds
- Production of disease resistant plants
- Production of stress resistant plants
- Transfer of nifgenes toeukaryotes
- Future prospects
- Applications in horticulture and forestry
- Micropropagation
- In Vitro Establishment of Mycorrhiza
- Applications in Industry
- Products(Secondary metabolites) from Cell Culture
- Cellsuspension and biotransformation
- Factors affecting product yield
- Secondary Metabolites from Immobilized Plant Cells
- Future of PlantTissue Culture Industry in India
- Transgenic plants
- Selectable markers and their use intransformed plants (catgene, nptllgene, luxgene, lacZgene)
- Transgenic plants for crop improvement
- Insect resistant transgenic plants
- Herbicide resistant transgenic plants
- Molecular farming from transgenic plants
- Immunotherapeutic drugs (edible vaccines,edible antibodies, edible interferon)
- Biological Nitrogen Fixation
- Non-Symbiotic N2 fixation
- Diazotrophy
- Ecology of diazotrophs
- Special features of diazotrophs
- Sites of N2fixation
- Nitrogenase and reductants
- Presence of hydrogenase
- Self regulatory systems
- Mechanism of N2 fixation
- Symbiotic N2 fixation
- Establishment of symbiosis
- Host specificity and root hair curling
- Infection of root hairs
- Nodule development
- Nodule development andmaintenance
- Factors affecting nodule development
- Mechanism of N2 fixation inroot nodules
- Genetics of diazotrophs
- Nod genes
- Nif genes
- Nif gene cloning
- Hup genes
- Biofertilizers
- Bacteria
- Bacterization
- Mass cultivation
- Rhizobium
- Azotobactors, azospirillum and phosphate solubilizers
- GreenManuring
- Blue green algae
- Algalization
- Mass cultivation of blue-green algae
- Azolla and biofertilizer
- Mass cultivation of Azolla
- Mycorrhizae as biofertilizer
- Mechanism of Symbiosis
- Types of Mycorrhizas
- Methods of Inoculum Production and Inoculation
- Benefits from Mycorrhizas to Plants
- Benefits from biofertilizers
- Producers of biofertilizers
- Biological Control of Plant Pathogens, Pests and Weeds
- Biological control of plant pathogens
- Inoculum
- Historical background
- Phyllosphere-phylloplane and rhizosphere-rhizoplane regions
- Antagonism
- Amensalism (antibiosis and lysis)
- Competition
- Predation and parasitism : Mycoparasitism, nematophagy and mycophagy
- Application of biological control
- Crop rotation
- Irrigation
- Alteration of soil pH
- Organic amendments
- Soil treatment with selected chemicals
- Introduction of antagonists : Seed inoculation, vegetative part inoculation and soil inoculation
- Use of mycorrhizal fungi
- Genetic engineering of biocontrol agents
- Biological control of insect pests
- Microbial pesticidies
- Bacterial, viral and fungal pesticides
- Viral pesticides
- Mycopesticides
- Biological control of weeds
- Mycoherbicides
- Insects as biocontrol agents
