Principles of Horticulture

Content

A Glimpse of Horticulture
– The nature of horticulture
– The plant
– Outdoor food production
– Vegetable production
– Fruit production
– Service horticulture
– Establishment
– Interior plant care
– Organic growing

Climate and microclimate
– The Sun's energy
– Weather and climate
– Climate of the British Isles
– The growing season
– World climates
– Local climate
– Measurement
– Temperature
– Precipitation
– Humidity
– Wind
– Light

Environment and ecology
– Plant communities
– Ecosystems
– Environmental factors and plant growth
– Conservation

Classification and naming
– The classification of plants
– Kingdom Plantae
– Nomenclature
– Further classifications of plants
– Non-plant kingdoms
– Viruses

External characteristics of the plant
– Plant form
– Adaptations
– Plant size and growth rate
– Plant form in design

Plant cells and tissues
– The anatomy of the plant
– The cell
– Tissues of the stem
– Stem growth
– Secondary growth

Plant reproduction
– Flowers
– The seed
– The fruiting plant
– Reproduction in simple multicellular green plants

Plant growth
– Photosynthesis

Transport in the plant
– Water
– Minerals
– Sugars

Pollination and fertilization
– Introductory principles
– Pollination
– The genetic code
– Cell Division
– Inheritance of characteristics
– Other breeding programmes
– Polyploids
– Triploids
– Mutations
– The Plant Varieties and Seeds Act, 1964
– Gene Banking

Plant development
– Growth and development
– Seeds
– The seeding
– The vegetative plant
– Vegetative propagation
– The flowering plant
– The ageing plant

Plant propagation
– Seed propagation
– Sowing and aftercare in protected environments
– Sowing in the open
– Vegetative propagation
– Characteristics of propagation from vegetative parts
– Natural vegetative propagation
– Divisions
– Rhizomes
– Bulbs
– Artificial methods of propagation
– Cuttings
– Budding and grafting
– Tissue culture

Weeds
– Damage
– Weed identification
– Weed biology
– Ephemeral weeds
– Annual weeds
– Perennial weeds
– Mosses and liverworts

Horticultural pests
– Mammal pests
– Bird pests
– Mollusc pests
– Nematode pests

Horticultural diseases and disorders
– Fungi
– Leaf and flower diseases
– Stem diseases
– Root diseases
– Bacteria
– Viruses
– Physiological disorders

Plant protection
– Physical control
– Cultural control
– Biological control
– Chemical control
– Herbicides
– Insecticides and acaricides
– Nematicides
– Fungicides
– Formulations
– Application of herbicides and pesticides
– Toxicity aspects of pesticides
– Selection for plant resistance
– Integrated control
– Supervised control
– Legislative control

Physical properties of soil
– Plant requirements
– Composition of soil
– Formation of soils
– Natural soil profiles
– Soils of the British Isles
– Topsoil and subsoil
– Soil components
– Soil texture
– Soil structure
– Cultivations
– Management of main soil types

Soil organic matter
– Organic matter in soil
– Living organisms in the soil
– Nutrient cycles
– Dead organic matter in the soil
– Organic matter levels
– Organic soils
– Benefits of organic matter
– Addition of organic matter
– Green manures
– Composting
– Mulching

Soil water
– Wetting of a dry soil
– Drying of a wet soil
– Drainage
– Irrigation
– Water quality
– Water conservation

Soil pH
– The importance of soil pH
– Measuring pH
– Changes in soil pH
– Effects of soil pH
– Plant selection
– Changing soil pH

Plant nutrition
– Major nutrients
– Minor nutrients
– Sources of nutrients
– Fertilizer programmes
– Soil conductivity

Alternatives to growing in the soil
– Alternative growing media
– Compost ingredients
– Plant containers
– Hydroponics
– Sports surfaces

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