Silicon

Silicon (Si) is the second-most abundant element of the Earth’s surface. Beginning in 1840, numerous laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments have shown benefits of application of silicon fertilizer for rice (Oryza sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Silicon fertilizer has a double effect on the soil–plant system. First, improved plant-silicon nutrition reinforces plant-protective properties against diseases, insect attack, and unfavorable climatic conditions. Second, soil treatment with biogeochemically active silicon substances optimizes soil fertility through improved water, physical and chemical soil properties, and maintenance of nutrients in plant-available forms.