Constraints on innovation

The potential fully to exploit GM technologies is severely limited by constraints on the use of the technology itself, as well as in satisfying the legislation that exists on the pre-market approval of foods that have been produced by the technology, or are in some way novel. These constraints are so severe in Europe that in very few cases will any producer see a return on their investment if nutritional improvement is their goal. This market is also affected by the widespread addition of specific nutrients as additives to certain processed foods. Enhancement of any component considered to be beneficial is likely to be of market value only if positive claims can be made. Whenever possible ‘conventional’ plant breeding will be used.