Toxicity Indicator in Plants

A number of crops are considered sensitive to manganese toxicity, and these include alfalfa, cabbage, cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.), clover (Trifolium spp. L.), pineapple (Ananas comosus Merr.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), sugar beet, and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (74,108). An excess of one nutrient can aggravate a deficiency of another, and so symptoms of manganese toxicity bear some features of deficiency of another nutrient. Additionally, toxicity of manganese is often confused with aluminum toxicity as both often occur in acid soils. However, in some species such as wheat (109) and rice (110), the tolerance to these two toxicities is opposite (111).