References
Selected References
Bartecchi, C. E. 1998. If you don’t have a defibrillator. Sci. Am. 278:91. Describes “cough” and “thump” techniques that can be used instead of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Burggren, W. W. 1997. Identifying and evaluating patterns in cardiorespiratory physiology. Amer. Zool. 37:109–115.
Eisenberg, M. S. 1998. Defibrillation: The spark of life. Sci. Am. 278:86–90. When the pacemaker loses its rhythm, heart muscle commences uncoordinated contractions. Application of a brief electrical shock from a defibrillator often can “reset” the pacemaker. Defibrillators have saved many lives.
Feder, M. E., and W. W. Burggren. 1985. Skin breathing in vertebrates. Sci. Am. 253:126–142 (Nov.). In many amphibians and reptiles the skin supplements and may even replace the work of gills and lungs.
Golde, D. W. 1991. The stem cell. Sci. Am. 265:86–93 (Dec.). Undifferentiated cells in the bone marrow give rise to white and red blood cells, macrophages, and platelets.
Hardison, R. 1999. The evolution of hemoglobin. Amer. Sci. 87:126–137. Comparison of amino acid sequences in hemoglobins from animals, plants, unicellular eukaryotes, and eubacteria suggests that all share a common ancestor early in organismal evolution.
Kiberstis, P., and J. Marx. 1996. Cardiovascular medicine. Science 272:663. Introduction to a series of news and articles on current research on heart development, genetics of blood pressure, genetics of cardiovascular disease, mouse models of atherosclerosis, molecular therapies for vascular diseases, new drugs for stroke.
Lillywhite, H. B. 1988. Snakes, blood circulation and gravity. Sci. Am. 259:92–98 (Dec.). How a snake’s vascular system is designed to counter the effects of gravity.
Nucci, M. L., and A. Abuchowski. 1998. The search for blood substitutes. Sci. Am. 278:73–77. Shortage of blood supplies and risk of contamination have made the search for substitutes more urgent.
Perutz, M. F. 1978. Hemoglobin structure and respiratory transport. Sci. Am. 240:92–125 (Dec.). Hemoglobin transports oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and tissues by clicking back and forth between two structures. Perutz and J. C. Kendrew won the Nobel Prize in 1962 for discovering the structure of hemoglobin.
Randall, D. J., W. W. Burggren, A. P. Farrell, and M. S. Haswell. 1981. The evolution of air breathing in vertebrates. Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press. Traces the physiology of air breathing from aquatic ancestors.
Robinson, T. F., S. M. Factor, and E. H. Sonnenblick. 1986. The heart as a suction pump. Sci. Am. 254:84–91 (June). Suggests that filling of heart in diastole is aided by elastic recoil of energy from systole.
Zucker, M. B. 1980. The functioning of the blood platelets. Sci. Am. 242:86–103 (June). The small blood elements that act to stop blood flow from a wound also perform complex roles in health and disease.
Bartecchi, C. E. 1998. If you don’t have a defibrillator. Sci. Am. 278:91. Describes “cough” and “thump” techniques that can be used instead of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Burggren, W. W. 1997. Identifying and evaluating patterns in cardiorespiratory physiology. Amer. Zool. 37:109–115.
Eisenberg, M. S. 1998. Defibrillation: The spark of life. Sci. Am. 278:86–90. When the pacemaker loses its rhythm, heart muscle commences uncoordinated contractions. Application of a brief electrical shock from a defibrillator often can “reset” the pacemaker. Defibrillators have saved many lives.
Feder, M. E., and W. W. Burggren. 1985. Skin breathing in vertebrates. Sci. Am. 253:126–142 (Nov.). In many amphibians and reptiles the skin supplements and may even replace the work of gills and lungs.
Golde, D. W. 1991. The stem cell. Sci. Am. 265:86–93 (Dec.). Undifferentiated cells in the bone marrow give rise to white and red blood cells, macrophages, and platelets.
Hardison, R. 1999. The evolution of hemoglobin. Amer. Sci. 87:126–137. Comparison of amino acid sequences in hemoglobins from animals, plants, unicellular eukaryotes, and eubacteria suggests that all share a common ancestor early in organismal evolution.
Kiberstis, P., and J. Marx. 1996. Cardiovascular medicine. Science 272:663. Introduction to a series of news and articles on current research on heart development, genetics of blood pressure, genetics of cardiovascular disease, mouse models of atherosclerosis, molecular therapies for vascular diseases, new drugs for stroke.
Lillywhite, H. B. 1988. Snakes, blood circulation and gravity. Sci. Am. 259:92–98 (Dec.). How a snake’s vascular system is designed to counter the effects of gravity.
Nucci, M. L., and A. Abuchowski. 1998. The search for blood substitutes. Sci. Am. 278:73–77. Shortage of blood supplies and risk of contamination have made the search for substitutes more urgent.
Perutz, M. F. 1978. Hemoglobin structure and respiratory transport. Sci. Am. 240:92–125 (Dec.). Hemoglobin transports oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and tissues by clicking back and forth between two structures. Perutz and J. C. Kendrew won the Nobel Prize in 1962 for discovering the structure of hemoglobin.
Randall, D. J., W. W. Burggren, A. P. Farrell, and M. S. Haswell. 1981. The evolution of air breathing in vertebrates. Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press. Traces the physiology of air breathing from aquatic ancestors.
Robinson, T. F., S. M. Factor, and E. H. Sonnenblick. 1986. The heart as a suction pump. Sci. Am. 254:84–91 (June). Suggests that filling of heart in diastole is aided by elastic recoil of energy from systole.
Zucker, M. B. 1980. The functioning of the blood platelets. Sci. Am. 242:86–103 (June). The small blood elements that act to stop blood flow from a wound also perform complex roles in health and disease.
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