References

Selected References
Bird, A. F., and J. Bird. 1991. The structure of nematodes, ed. 2. New York, Academic Press. The most authoritative reference available on nematode morphology. Highly recommended.

Chan, M.-S. 1997. The global burden of intestinal nematode infections—fifty years on. Parasitol. Today. 13:438–443. According to this author, most recent estimates are 1.273 billion infections (24% prevalence) with Ascaris, 0.902 billion (17% prevalence) with Trichuris, and 1.277 billion (24% prevalence) with hookworms. Worldwide prevalence of these nematodes has remained essentially unchanged in 50 years!

Despommier, D. D. 1998. How does Trichinella spiralis make itself at home? Parasitol. Today 14:318–323. How Trichinella takes over control of its host’s gene expression.

Duke, B. O. L. 1990. Onchocerciasis (river blindness)—can it be eradicated? Parasitol. Today 6:82–84. Despite the introduction of a very effective drug, the author predicts that this parasite will not be eradicated in the foreseeable future.

Ogilvie, B. M., M. E. Selikirk, and R. M. Maizels. 1990. The molecular revolution and nematode parasitology: yesterday, today, and tomorrow. J. Parasitol. 76:607–618. Modern molecular biology has wrought enormous changes in investigations on nematodes.

Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1983. The natural history of nematodes. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Contains a great deal of information about these fascinating creatures, including free-living and plant and animal parasites.

Roberts, L. 1990. The worm project. Science 248:1310–1313. A nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, has been of great value in studies of development and genetics.

Taylor, M. J., and A. Hoerauf. 1999. Wolbachia bacteria of filarial nematodes. Parasitol. Today 15:437–442. All filarial parasites of humans have endosymbiotic Wolbachia, and most filarial nematodes of all kinds are infected. Nematodes can be “cured” by treatment with the antibiotic tetracycline. If cured, they cannot reproduce. Bacteria are apparently passed vertically from females to offspring.