References

Selected References
Axel, R. 1995. The molecular logic of smell. Sci. Am. 273:154–159 (Oct.). Recent research reveals a surprisingly large family of genes that encodes odor-detecting molecules. This and other findings help to illuminate how the nose and brain may perceive scents.

Changeux, J-P. 1993. Chemical signaling in the brain. Sci. Am. 269:58–62 (Nov.). Studies of the electric organ of fish provide insights into how neurons in the human brain transmit information from one to the next.

Freeman, W. J. 1991. The physiology of perception. Sci. Am. 264:78–85 (Feb.). How the brain transforms sensory messages almost instantly into conscious perceptions.

Hudspeth, A. J. 1983. The hair cells of the inner ear. Sci. Am. 248:54–64 (Jan.). How these biological transducers work.

Jacobson, M. 1993. Foundations of neuroscience. New York, Plenum Press. The historical development of neuroscience and its outstanding personages—and the dangers of hero worship of individual neuroscientists.

Nathan, P. 1997. The nervous system, ed. 4. London, Whurr Publications Ltd. One of the best of several semipopular accounts of the nervous system. Nathans, J. 1989. The genes for color vision. Sci. Am. 260:42–49 (Feb.). Isolation of genes that encode color-detecting proteins of the human eye provide clues about the evolution of color vision.

Nef, P. 1998. How we smell: the molecular and cellular bases of olfaction. News Physiol. Sci. 13:1–5 (Feb.). Describes three models for odor perception, each based on experimental data.

Stebbins, W. C. 1983. The acoustic sense of animals. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press. Broadly comparative introduction to the physics, physiology, natural history, and evolution of hearing.

Stryer, L. 1987. The molecules of visual excitation. Sci. Am. 257:42–50 (July). Describes the cascade of molecular events following light absorption by a rod cell that leads to a nerve signal.

Ulfendahl, M., and A. Flock. 1998. Outer hair cells provide active tuning in the organ of Corti. News Physiol. Sci. 13:107–111 (July). Describes recent experiments that suggest a more active role for the sensory hair cells within the auditory system of mammals.